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__November 23rd, 2010 ~ Sunrise and Sunset Dat__a
Here you will collect data for sunrise time and sunset time. You may use the weather network or any other reliable source for your data.


 * Student Name || Date || Sunrise Time || Sunset Time || Hours of Daylight ||
 * Kia || November 23rd 2010 || 7:22 AM || 16:46 PM || 9:24 ||
 * Jesslyn || November 24th, 2010 || 7:23 AM || 4:45 PM || 9h 22m ||
 * Mitali || November 25th, 2010 || 7:24 || 16:45 || 9:21 ||
 * Maanal || November 26th, 2010 ||  ||   ||   ||
 * John C. || November 27th, 2010 ||  ||   ||   ||
 * Sherif || November 28th, 2010 || 7:28 AM || 16:44 PM || 9 hours 16 minutes ||
 * Eagle || November 29th, 2010 ||  ||   ||   ||
 * Leo || November 30th, 2010 || 7:30 AM || 4:43 PM || 9 hours 12 minutes ||
 * Matthew || December 1st, 2010 ||  ||   ||   ||
 * Megan || December 2nd, 2010 || 7:32 AM || 4:41 PM || 9h 09m 17s ||
 * Ammad || December 3rd, 2010 || 7:33 AM || 4:41 PM || 9 hours 8 minutes ||
 * Amina || December 4th, 2010 ||  ||   ||   ||
 * Genevieve || December 5th, 2010 || 7:35 AM || 4:41 PM || 9h 05m 26s ||
 * Eric || December 6th, 2010 ||  ||   ||   ||
 * Omid || December 7th, 2010 || 7:37 AM || 4:40 PM || 9h 03m 12s ||
 * Tiffany || December 8th, 2010 || 7:39 AM || 4:41 PM || 9 hours 02 minutes ||
 * Pari || December 9th, 2010 ||  ||   ||   ||
 * Sara || December 10th, 2010 || 7:40 AM || 4:40 PM || 9hrs 0min ||
 * Jeong Ug || December 11th, 2010 || 7:41 AM || 4:41 PM || 08hrs 59min ||
 * Candice || December 12th, 2010 || 7:42 AM || 4:41 PM || 8hrs 58min ||
 * Cameron || December 13th, 2010 ||  || 4:41 PM || 8h, 58min, 10sec ||
 * Angela || December 14th, 2010 || 7:43 A.M. || 4:41 P.M. || 8 hours 57 minutes ||
 * John Y. || December 15th, 2010 ||  ||   ||   ||
 * Lucy || December 16th, 2010 ||  ||   ||   ||
 * Han Lu || December 17th, 2010 || 7:46 a.m. || 4:42 P.M. || 8Hour 56minutes ||
 * Ivan || December 18th, 2010 ||  ||   ||   ||

__October 5, 2010 ~ Models of the Atom and Scientists__
__Quick Lab__ on page 176. Each person has been assigned a scientist. In the space provided in this table, you will write what the main contribution of your scientist was to our understanding of the atom. You will also get a mark out of 5 !

· Fire, which is hot and dry. · Earth, which is cold and dry. · Air which is hot and wet. · Water, which is cold and wet. *=The three major Greek philosophers in order were: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle. Each was the student of the other. Plato was the student of Socrates as well as Aristotle was the student of Plato. =Aether was Aristotle’s proposal. || and electrons revolving around the nucleus bound by electrostatic forces (because of the rings of Saturn revolving around Saturn bound by gravitational force). But because this theory wasn’t fully proved and supported enough, it wasn’t until later where Rutherford tested it and proved it to be correct and closer to the actual thing than what most people believed in- the Thomson model. || Becquerel's earliest work was concerned with the plane polarization of light, with the phenomenon of phosphorescence and with the absorption of light by crystals (his doctorate thesis). In 1896, while experimenting with this, he stumbled across the discovery of radioactivity. His previous work was overshadowed by his discovery of the phenomenon of natural radioactivity. This new revelation brought him to further investigate the emission of nuclear radiation. || Although Planck said that the energy of a matter id quantized, he continued to describe energy as travelling in the form of waves. He was, in fact, unwilling to consider that energy might have particle-like properties. ||
 * Student Name || Scientist Name || **Scientist's Contribution** ||
 * Sina ||  ||   ||
 * Kia || Robert Boyle || **Robert Boyle** (25 January 1627 – 31 December 1691) was a natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, and inventor, also noted for his writings in theology. He is best known for Boyle's law Although his research and personal philosophy clearly has its roots in the alchemical tradition, he is largely regarded today as the first modern chemist, and therefore one of the founders of modern chemistry. Among his works, The Sceptical Chymist is seen as a cornerstone book in the field of chemistry. ||
 * Jesslyn || Isaac Newton || **Sir Isaac Newton** ( 25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726 ) was an English physicist mathematician,astronomer, natural philosopher,alchemist, and theologian. In this work, Newton described universal gravitation and the three laws of motion which dominated the scientific view of the physica universe for the next three centuries. Newton showed that the motions of objects of Earth and of celestial bodies are governed by the same set of natural laws by demonstrating the consistency between Kepler's laws of planetary motion and his theory of gravitation, thus removing the last doubts about heliocentrism and advancing the Scientific Resolution. ||
 * Mitali || Joseph Priestly || Joseph Priestley (13 March 1733– 6 February 1804) English theologian, Dissenting clergyman,natural philosopher, educator and political theorist. He is credited for the discovery of oxygen in a gas form. He has also discovered many other gases that are on the periodic table. Before his discovery, there were only 3 major gases. He has discovered 10 new gases some of which are nitric oxide (nitrous air), nitrogen dioxide (red nitrous vapor), nitrous oxide (diminished nitrous air, later called "laughing gas"), and hydrogen chloride (marine acid air).HE has made an enormous contribution to the history of chemistry. ||
 * John || Antoine Lavoisier ||  ||
 * Sherif || Aristotle || Aristotle was one of the three main philosophers* in Greek History. He lived over 60 years from 348 BC to 322 BC. He was a student of Plato and the teacher of the well known Alexander the Great. He wrote in many subjects including: physics, poetry, theater, music, logic, chemistry/the understanding of the five elements, ethics, government, politics and of course philosophy. He was much interested in subjects as logic and reasoning. Aristotle also wrote in subjects concerning matter, substances and elements. He was not and “atomist” instead he believed that five elements made up all matter when combined in certain ways and amounts:
 * · Aether, which is the divine substance that makes up heavenly bodies.**
 * EAGLE || Jons Berzelius || Jöns Jacob Berzelius (20 August 1779 – 7 August 1848) was a Swedish chemist. He worked out the modern technique of chemical formula notation, and is together with John Dalton, Antoine Lavoisier, and Robert Boyle considered a father of modern chemistry. He began his career as a physician but his researches in physical chemistry were of lasting significance in the development of the subject. He achieved much in later life as secretary of the Swedish Academy. He is known in Sweden as the Father of Swedish Chemistry. ||
 * Leo || William Crookes ||  Crookes, Sir William 1832-1919, man of science, was born in London 17 June 1832, the eldest son of Joseph Crookes, a tailor of north-country origin, by his second wife, Mary Scott. He discovered cathode rays that had the following properties: travel in straight lines from the cathode; cause glass to fluoresce; impart a negative charge to objects they strike; are deflected by electric fields and magnets to suggest a negative charge; cause pinwheels in their path to spin indicating they have mass. ||
 * .Matthew || Henry Moseley ||  ||
 * Megan || Hantaro Nagaoka || Hantaro Nagaoka was born on August 15, 1865- and died on December 11, 1950. He was a Japanese physicist who partially studied abroad in Vienna, Berlin, and Munich- where he was fascinated by Ludwig Boltzmann’s course in the Kinetic Theory of Gasses and Maxwell’s work on the stability of Saturn’s rings. His fascination about this is what influenced him to the contribution he made when giving us an understanding of the atom. In 1904, Nagaoka created the Saturnian model, making a prediction of: a very big nucleus (because rings of a planet are stable because of the very big planet it orbits around)
 * Ammad || Hans Geiger || __**Hans Geiger**__ was born September 30, 1882- and died on September 24, 1945 (at age 62). He was one of five children born of Wilhem ludwig Gieger, who was a professor at the University of Erlangen. He was a german physicist and perhaps the best known as the co-inventor of the Geiger counter and for the Geiger-Marsden experiment which discovered the Atomic Nucleus. In 1902 Geiger started studying physics and mathematics in the University of Erlangen and, was awarded a docorate in 1906. In 1907 he started working with another brilliant mind, __**Ernest Rutherford**__ at the University of Manchester. Also in 1909 along side with Ernest Rutherford they conducted a famous Geiger- Marsden experiment called the 'golf foil experiment'. They also discovered the Geiger-Nuttal law and performed experiment that lead to Ruthorford's atomic model. In 1912 he became leader of the Physical-Technical Reichsanstalt in Berlin, in 1925 in Kiel, in 1929 in Tubingen and from 1936 in Berlin. He was the member of the Uranium Club, which was working on an atomic bomb for Nazi Germany. ||
 * Amina || Harriet Brooks || Harriet Brooks (1876 – 1933) was the first Canadian woman nuclear physicist. She is most famous for her research on nuclear transmutations and radioactivity. Ernest Rutherford, who guided her graduate work, regarded her as being next to Marie Curie in the calibers of her aptitude. She was born in Exeter, Ontario in 1876. She graduated with B.A. in mathematics and natural philosophy from McGill University in 1898. She was the first graduate student of Ernest Rutherford (then professor at McGill University), under whom she worked immediately after graduating. With him she worked on Electricity and Magnetism for her Master's degree in 1901. She was the first ever woman at McGill to receive a Master's degree. After her Master's again under Rutherford she also did a series of experiments to determine the nature of the radioactive emissions from thorium. These experiments served as the foundation for the development of nuclear science. She was among the first persons to discover radon and to try to determine its atomic mass. ||
 * Genevieve || Henri Becquerel || **Henri (Antoine) Becquerel** (15 December 1852 – 25 August 1908) was a French physicist, Nobel laureate, and the discoverer of radioactivity along with the Curies; Marie and Pierre. All three won the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics.Becquerel was born into a family with four generations of scientists, including his own son, Jean. He studied science at the École Polytechnique and engineering at the École des Ponts et Chaussées . Due to the death of his first wife (soon after she gave birth) in 1890, he married again to his second wife: Louise Désirée Lorieux.
 * Career:**
 * Eric || Marie Curie ||  ||
 * Omid || Max Planck || In 1900 a physicist named Max Planck proposed an idea that was so revolutionary that he himself was unwilling to accept its implication. Planck suggested that matter, at the atomic level, can absorbs or emit only discrete quantities of energy. Each of these specific quantities is called a //quantum// of energy. On other words, Planck said that the energy of an atom is quantized. Something that is quantized can exist only in certain discrete amounts. It is not continuous. In this sense, the rungs of ladder are quantized, while the smooth slope of a ramp is not. Unlike ladder and ramps, however, a quantum is an extremely small “//packet//” of energy.
 * Tiffany || Werner Heisenberg ||  ||
 * Parinaz || Louis de Broglie || Louis De Broglie was in the French Academy,Permanent Secretary of the Academy of Sciences, and Professor at the Faculty of Sciences at Paris University, was born at Dieppe (Seine Inférieure) on 15th August, 1892, the son of Victor, Duc de Broglie and Pauline d'Armaillé.He applied himself first to literary studies and took his degree in history in 1910. Then, as his liking for science prevailed, he studied for a science degree, which he gained in 1913. During this period he was stationed at the Eiffel Tower, where he devoted his spare time to the study of technical problems. At the end of the war Louis de Broglie resumed his studies of general physics. While taking an interest in the experimental work carried out by his elder brother, Maurice, and co-workers, he specialized in theoretical physics and, in particular, in the study of problems involving quanta.In 1924 at the Faculty of Sciences at Paris University he delivered a thesis //Recherches sur la Théorie des Quanta// (Researches on the quantum theory), which gained him his doctor's degree.After he published his work he went into the teaching carreer & they put him as the teacher of the theoretical physics at the Institut Henri Poincaré which had just been built in Paris.Between 1930 and 1950, Louis de Broglie's work has been chiefly devoted to the study of the various extensions of wave mechanics: Dirac's electron theory, the new theory of light, the general theory of spin particles, applications of wave mechanics to nuclear physics, etc.In 1929 he was awarded the Henri Poincaré medal ( awarded for the first time), then in 1932, the Albert I of Monaco prize. In 1929 the Swedish Academy of Sciences conferred on him the Nobel Prize for Physics "for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons".He is an honorary doctor of the Universities of Warsaw, Bucharest, Athens, Lausanne, Quebec, and Brussels, and a member of eighteen foreign academies in Europe, India, and the U.S.A. But unfortunatly Lois De Broglie died on March 19th 1987 (aged 94), at Louveciennes,France. ||
 * Sara || Richard Feynman || Richard P. Feynman was born on May 11, 1918, in Far Rockaway, Queens, New York. He was a scientist, teacher, raconteur, and musician. He assisted in the development of the atomic bomb, expanded the understanding of quantum electrodynamics, translated Mayan hieroglyphics, and cut to the heart of the Challenger disaster. He assisted in the development of the atomic bomb at Princeton University, and the physicist Robert R. Wilson pushed Feynman to participate in the Manhattan Project. It was the wartime U.S Army project at Los Alamos developing the atomic bomb. He was persuaded, says Feynman, to join this effort to build the bomb before Nazi Germany developed their own bomb. He was assigned to Hans Bethe's theoretical division, and impressed Bethe enough to be made a group leader. He and Bethe developed the Bethe-Feynman formula for calculating the yield of a fission bomb. Feynman's other work at Los Alamos included calculating neutron equations for the Los Alamos "Water Boiler", a small nuclear reactor, to measure how close an assembly of fissile material was to criticality. Feynman had won numerous awards, including the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965, and the Albert Einstein Award in 1954. He died on February 15, 1988 and is one of the most notable physicists of all time. ||
 * Jeong Ug || Murray Gell-Mann || Murray Gell-Mann (born September 15, 1929) is an American physicist who received the 1969 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the theory of Elementary Particles. He formulated the quark model of hadronic resonances, and identified the SU(3) Flavor symmetry of the light quarks, extending isospin to include strangeness, which he also discovered. He discovered the V-A theory of chiral neutrinos in collaboration with Richard Feynman. He created current algebra in the 1960s as a way of extracting predictions from quark models when the fundamental theory was still murky, which led to model-independent sum rules confirmed by experiment. ||
 * Candice || Gerd Binning || Gerd Binnig (born on July 20, 1947) is a German physicist, and a Nobel laureate. He was born in Frankfurt am Main. In 1978, he accepted an offer from IBM to join their Zürich research group. There, he met Heinrich Rohrer, with whom he shared half of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1986 for their design of the scanning tunnelling microscope (STM). A scanning tunnelling microscope is a powerful instrument for imaging surfaces at the atomic level. It can be used not only in ultra high vacuum but also in air, water, and various other liquid or gas ambients, and at temperatures ranging from near zero kelvin to a few hundred degrees celsius. In 1994 Professor Gerd Binnig founded Definiens which turned in the year 2000 into a commercial enterprise. Today, companies and institutions around the world use Definiens' technology to maximize the value of images and thereby enabling better decisions. ||
 * Cameron || Heinrich Rohrer || Heinrich Rohrer was born on June the 6th, 1933. He is a Swiss Physicist who shared half of the 1986 Nobel Prize for Physics with Gerd Binnig for the design of the scanning tunneling microscope (STM). (Read Aove's Biography about Gerd Binning to learn about the STM). Rohrer was born in St. Gallen just half an hour after his twin sister. He enjoyed a carefree country childhood until the family moved to Zurich, Switzerland in 1949. He enrolled in the Swiss Federal Insitute of Technology in 1951, where he studied with Wolfgang Pauli. His doctoral study was on his work measuring the length changes of superconductors at the magnetic-field-induced superconducting transition, a project begun by Jorgen Lykke Olsen. In the course of his research, he found that he had to do most of his research at night after the city was asleep because his measurements were so sensitive to vibration. Later, his studies were interrupted by his military involvement in the Swiss mountain infantry. In 1963, he joined the IBM Research Laboratory in Ruschlikon. In 1974, he spent a sabbatical (time off / vacation) year at the University of California studying nuclear magnetic resonance. ||
 * Angela || Democritus || Democritus was an ancien Greek philosopher born 460 B.C in Abdera, Thrace, Greece. He was the pupil of Leucippus, who formulated an atomic theory for the cosmos. Democritus's contributions are he inposed the idea to his fellow philosephers that everything is made of atoms with his teacher Leucippus. Their theories about the atom is very similar to the ones we use right now. Therefore Democritus is called the father of modern science. Although Democritus accomplshed great things, his theory was laughed at among his fellow philosephers. ||
 * Myeong Sang || Joseph Louis Proust ||  ||
 * Lucy || Enrico Fermi || Enrico Fermi was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in the year 1938 for his discovery of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation and also for his discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons. The Nobel Prize in Physics has been awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. From 1901 the prizes have been awarded at a formal ceremony held on December 10 at Sweden, Stockholm. ||
 * Han Lu || Linus Pauling || **Linus** Carl **Pauling** was born in February 28th, 1901. He is an American scienctist, peace activist, and author. His ionic bounding discovery was one of the most influencible discovery of the century, he had won the Nobel Prize twice (both in chemestry and peace prize). He also discovered the disease in molecule as well as vitamins and minerals are necessities for the human body. He had especially focused on VitaminC, and that VitaminC is a cure for common cold. He died at the age of 93 in 19th August, 1994 peacefully and will be forever remember by people for one of the most memorable scienctist of the 20th century. ||
 * Ivan || Wolfgang Pauli || Wolfgang Ernst Pauli (April 25, 1900 – December 15, 1958) was an Austrian theoretical physicist and one of the pioneers of quantum physics. In 1945, after being nominated by Albert Einstein, he received the Nobel Prize in Physics for his "decisive contribution through his discovery of a new law of Nature, the exclusion principle or Pauli principle," involving spin theory, underpinning the structure of matter and the whole of chemistry. ||